The headline number
~10,000 gal
used in 2024 at Google's Pflugerville site, the least of any Google data center: proof that siting and cooling design, not AI itself, set the water bill
Water stress
High and uneven: West Texas sites sit in chronic drought zones while Gulf-adjacent sites don't; ERCOT's largely gas-fired grid adds indirect water either way.
The local story
Texas is where the AI build-out is fastest and the water answers diverge hardest. The same company demonstrates both ends: Google's Pflugerville site used roughly ten thousand gallons in 2024 (about what one Texas home uses in two months) while evaporatively cooled campuses elsewhere drink millions of gallons a day.
The Stargate-scale projects around Abilene anchor the biggest single bets: gigawatt-class campuses in semi-arid counties, mostly planning dry or hybrid cooling precisely because local groundwater couldn't carry evaporative loads. The trade is physical: dry cooling spends more electricity to save water, shifting the footprint from the Low scenario into the grid's Mid-scenario water.
Texas regulators now field data center water requests alongside municipal and agricultural ones, and several panhandle districts have started publishing data-center-specific groundwater accounting, the first state where that's routine.
Cite this pagev1.3.1 · 2026-09
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Sources
Cited on this page, in order of appearance.
- 1Google (2025). Google 2025 Environmental Report. Calendar-2024 data: ~7.7B gal consumed by Google data centers (~8.1B gal company-wide, +28%); the widely quoted 6.1B gal is the 2023 data-center figure. Per-site disclosures include Council Bluffs, Iowa (~1B gal, the most of any Google site) and Pflugerville, Texas (~10,000 gal). (accessed 2026-09) official disclosure
- 2Shehabi, A., Smith, S. J., Hubbard, A., et al. (2024). 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, LBNL-2001637: 176 TWh electricity and 17B gal direct water in 2023, with 2028 projections. (accessed 2026-06) government